FTA / FRA

Dialog Railway (for FTA/FRA)

Emission Level

The emission parameter according to FTA/FRA is the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level L_eq,50ft at 50 feet (15.24 m) distance from the railway’s axis FTA-2006FTA-2005FTA-2018. For a single train class, it calculates from the sound exposure level SEL_i,50ft in dB(A) of sub-source i:

\(SEL_{i,50\:ft}=(SEL_{ref})_i+10 \lg (\frac{len}{len_{ref}})_i + K \lg(\frac{v}{v_{ref}})_i\)

with

• SEL_ref: reference sound exposure level for sub-source i
• len: length of train or car/loco, in ft. (internally converted to m)
• len_ref: reference length for sub-source i, in ft. (internally converted to m)
• K: speed factor
• v: speed, in mph (internally converted to km/h)
• v_ref: reference speed for sub-source i, in mph (internally converted to km/h)

The total level SEL_tot for all sub-sources n of a single train class is:

\(SEL_{tot}=10 \lg(\sum_{i=1}^n 10^{SEL_i/10})\)

The level L_eq,50ft for a single type of train results from (per hour):

\(L_{eq,50\:ft}=SEL_{tot}+10 \lg \frac{N}{3600} + C_{Throttle}+C_{track}\)

with

• N: number of trains per hour
• C_Throttle: throttle correction (for FTA sources only)

with the throttle correction C_Throttle (T: throttle setting):

• \(C_{Throttle} = 0\) for T < 6
• \(C_{Throttle} = 2(T-5)\) for T >= 6

The total level L_eq,50ft,tot for all train types j on a track is:

\(L_{eqe,50\:ft,tot}=10 \lg(\sum_{j=1}^m 10^{L_{eq,50\:ft,j}/10})\)

Track Correction

Attribute Value FBNR	Type of Track	CTrack (dB)
1	(normal)	0
2	jointed track	5
3	embedded track on grade	3
4	aerial structure w/ slab track	4

v_max (km/h)

When specifying a track-relevant maximum speed v_max the speed will be adjusted if necessary. In the calculation the smaller of both values is used.

Type of Trains

The table on the next page lists all FTA/FRA train types. The following abbreviations for the sub-source types apply:

Abbreviation	Type of Sub-Source
HSWH	High Speed, Wheel-Rail Interaction
HSPR	High Speed, Propulsion
HSAE	High Speed, Wheel Region - Aerodynamic High Speed, Train Nose - Aerodynamic High Speed, Pantograph - Aerodynamic
LOCO	locomotive source
CAR	all other types of vehicles (cars, coaches)
HORN	warning horns

Type of Trains (cont.)

Train Types accord. to FRA report (2005) and FTA report (2006), revised FTA train types in bold (as of 2015, see footnotes):

Application	Type	Name	Source Height (ft)	Source Height (m)	SELref dB(A)	lenref (m)	vref (km/h)	SpeedFactor K	Source Type
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_EL_LOC	HighSpeed Electric Locomotive	1	0.30	85	193.2	144.8	28	HSWH
			3	0.91	75	21.3	144.8	15	HSPR
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_EL_CAR	HighSpeed Electric Car	1	0.30	85	193.2	144.8	28	HSWH
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_FF_LOC	HighSpeed Fossil Fuel Locomotive	1	0.30	85	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			10	3.05	83	22.3	32.2	10	HSPR
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_FF_CAR	HighSpeed Fossil Fuel Car	1	0.30	85	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_EMU_LOC	HighSpeed EMU Locomotive	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
FTA/FRA	FRA_HS_EMU_CAR	HighSpeed EMU Car	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
FTA/FRA	FRA_VHS_EL_LOC	VeryHighSpeed Electric Loc	1	0.30	91	193.2	145	20	HSWH
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
			10	3.05	89	22.3	289.7	60	HSAE
			12	3.66	86	22.3	32.2	0	HSPR
			15	4.57	86	-	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA_VHS_EL_CAR	VeryHighSpeed Electric Car	1	0.30	91	193.2	145	20	HSWH
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA_CONV_FRE_LOC	Conventional Freight Locomotive	10	3.05	97	27.4	64.4	10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FRA_CONV_FRE_CAR	Conventional Freight Car	1	0.30	100	609.6	64.4	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FRA_CONV_PASS_LOC	Conventional Passenger Loco	10	3.05	94	18.2	64.4	10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FRA_CONV_PASS_CAR	Conventional Passenger Coach	1	0.30	94	152.4	64.4	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FRA_HORN	Horn	12	3.66	114	-	0	0	HORN
FTA/FRA	FTA_COMM_LOC_DE	Conv. Commuter Locomotive, Diesel-Electric	8	2.44	92	-	80.5	-10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FTA_COMM_LOC_EL *1)	Conv. Commuter Locomotive, Electric	2	0.61	90	-	80.5	-10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FTA15_COMM_LOC_EL *1)	Conv. Commuter Locomotive, Electric	2	0.61	90	-	80.5	10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FTA_COMM_DMU *2)	Conv. Commuter Diesel Multiple Unit	2	0.61	85	-	80.5	-10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FTA15_COMM_DMU *2)	Conv. Commuter Diesel Multiple Unit	2	0.61	85	-	80.5	0	LOCO

Type of Trains (cont.)

FTA/FRA	FTA_COMM_HRN	Conv. Commuter Horn	12	3.66	110	-	0	0	HORN
FTA/FRA	FTA_COMM_CAR	Conv. Commuter Car	1	0.30	82	-	80.5	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FTA_AGT_ST	Conv. AGT - Steel Wheel	1	0.30	80	-	80.5	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FTA_AGT_RU	Conv. AGT - Rubber Wheel	1	0.30	78	-	80.5	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FTA_HORN	Horn	12	3.66	113	-	-	0	HORN

footnotes:

*1) The FTA train class FTA_COMM_LOC_EL (Conv. Commuter Locomotive, Electric) uses an incorrect speed factor K=-10, resulting from an data transfer error in the first implementation of FTA in CadnaA. Instead, the train class FTA15_COMM_LOC_EL uses the correct speed factor K=10 corresponding with the value in the FTA-report FTA-2006.

*2) The FTA train class FTA_COMM_DMU (Conv. Commuter Diesel Multiple Unit) uses an incorrect speed factor K=-10, resulting from an data transfer error in the first implementation of FTA in CadnaA. Instead, the class FTA15_COMM_DMU uses the correct speed factor K=0 corresponding with the value in the FTA-report FTA-2006.

Type of Trains (cont.)

Train Types accord. to FRA-report, revised edition 2012:

Application	Type	Name	Source Height (ft)	Source Height (m)	SELref dB(A)	lenref (m)	vref (km/h)	SpeedFactor K	Source Type
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_VHS_EL_LOC	HS & VHS Electric Locomotive	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
			10	3.05	89	22.3	289.7	60	HSAE
			12	3.66	86	22.3	-	-	HSPR
			15	4.57	86	-	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_VHS_EL_CAR	HS & VHS Electric Car	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_VHS_EMU_LOC	HS & VHS EMU Locomotive	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			2	0.61	86	193.2	-	-	HSPR
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
			10	3.05	89	22.3	289.7	60	HSAE
			15	4.57	86	-	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_VHS_EMU_CAR	HS & VHS EMU Car	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			5	1.52	89	193.2	289.7	60	HSAE
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_GT_LOC	HS Gas Turbine Locomotive	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
			10	3.05	83	22.3	32.2	10	HSPR
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HS_GT_CAR	HS Gas Turbine Car	1	0.30	91	193.2	144.8	20	HSWH
FTA/FRA	FRA12_CONV_FRE_LOC	Conventional Freight Locomotive	10	3.05	97	27.4	64.4	10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FRA12_CONV_FRE_CAR	Conventional Freight Car	1	0.30	100	609.6	64.4	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FRA12_CONV_PASS_LOC	Conventional Passeng. Locomotive	10	3.05	92	18.2	80.5	-10	LOCO
FTA/FRA	FRA12_CONV_PASS_CAR	Conventional Passenger Coach	1	0.30	82	25.9	80.5	20	CAR
FTA/FRA	FRA12_HORN	Horn	12	3.66	113	-	-	-	HORN

Note

For the time being, the train class MAGLEV (magnetic levitation train) is not available in CadnaA as a source height of -5 feet (i.e. below ground) cannot be selected.

Default Lengths for FRA Train Classes

In FRA report, the default length is the standard length being used in conjunction with the number of vehicles (locos or cars) to correct for the final emission per unit length. When introducing the respective traffic figures for vehicle types (locos, cars) the number of units of this length are concerned. The default lengths applied by CadnaA per vehicle type are:

Type	Name	Default-Length (m)	Default-Length (ft)
FRA_HS_EL_LOC	HighSpeed Electric Locomotive	21.34	70
FRA_HS_EL_CAR	HighSpeed Electric Car	18.59	61
FRA_HS_FF_LOC	HighSpeed Fossil Fuel Locomotive	22.25	73
FRA_HS_FF_CAR	HighSpeed Fossil Fuel Car	18.59	61
FRA_HS_EMU_LOC	HighSpeed EMU Locomotive	22.25	73
FRA_HS_EMU_CAR	HighSpeed EMU Car	18.59	61
FRA_VHS_EL_LOC	VeryHighSpeed Electric Loc	22.25	73
FRA_VHS_EL_CAR	VeryHighSpeed Electric Car	18.59	61
FRA_CONV_FRE_LOC	Conventional Freight Locomotive	27.43	90
FRA_CONV_FRE_CAR	Conventional Freight Car	20.72	68
FRA_CONV_PASS_LOC	Conventional Passenger Locomotive	18.28	60
FRA_CONV_PASS_CAR	Conventional Passenger Coach	18.59	61
FRA_HORN	Horn	-	-
FRA12_HS_VHS_EL_LOC	HS & VHS Electric Locomotive	22.25	73
FRA12_HS_VHS_EL_CAR	HS & VHS Electric Car	18.59	61
FRA12_HS_VHS_EMU_LOC	HS & VHS EMU Locomotive	22.25	73
FRA12_HS_VHS_EMU_CAR	HS & VHS EMU Car	18.59	61
FRA12_HS_GT_LOC	HS Gas Turbine Locomotive	22.25	73
FRA12_HS_GT_CAR	HS Gas Turbine Car	18.59	61
FRA12_CONV_FRE_LOC	Conventional Freight Locomotive	27.43	90
FRA12_CONV_FRE_CAR	Conventional Freight Car	20.72	68
FRA12_CONV_PASS_LOC	Conventional Passeng. Locomotive	18.28	60
FRA12_CONV_PASS_CAR	Conventional Passenger Coach	25.90	85
FRA12_HORN	Horn	-	-

In contrary, FTA report does not state a default length. The emission in FTA is per car/loco. Thus, the default lengths in each respective train class are zero.

Train Classes and Penalties

With this option activated, the types of trains and train classes, numbers of trains and corrections, can be edited locally, or an existing list with number of trains can be selected. CadnaA will automatically calculate the emission level from the specified values.

Note

In the following, the procedure to edit a local train list (with numbers of trains) is described. To enter a train list in the local library, see Common Input Data, Number of Trains.

Local Train List

Train Type

The train type is selected from the list Train Types on the Library (global)|Railway Group (also called „Train Classes“). By this selection all relevant parameters, such as train length and speed or percentage of disc brakes, are specified.

Number of Trains Day/Evening/Night

Numbers of vehicles/units D/N (E not relevant). In case the amount is given by vehicles/units per hour, this values have to be multiplied by 15 to obtain the figure for Day and by 9 for Night (for FTA/FRA).

Speed v (km/h)

relevant speed of trains (km/h)

Train Length (m)

length l of vehicle/unit, deviating from default length (m)

As locos and cars are different train classes in FTA/FRA, an entire train consists, normally, of at least two types of train classes. Regarding the input of the length, however, both classes - locos and cars - have to be distinguished.

Example 1: A steel-wheeled electric train with 2 power cars and 8 passenger coaches is defined using the FRA-train class „VHS Very High-Speed“ and the following traffic data:

• number of trains: 60 during Daytime (4 trains per hour)

In this case, the length entered for locos as well as for cars corresponds to either default lengths (check box „Length“ on dialog „Train Class“ is deactivated). So, the number of vehicles to be entered for each category is:

• number of locos: 120 during Daytime (8 per hour)
• number of cars: 480 during Daytime (32 per hour)

Example 2 corresponds with example 1 regarding the number of trains. The number of vehicles, however, is entered in a different way.

As the noise emitted by the pantograph of the locos is linked to the number of locos, the two locos in each train cannot be entered as a single source of type FRA_VHS_EL_LOC while doubling its length. This would lead to a wrong emission as the pantograph’s aerodynamic emission is per vehicle and not per length. So, the service numbers for locos have to be kept.

For the cars, however, the 8 passenger coaches per train could be counted as a single unit with a length of 8 * car length (8 * 18.59 m = 148.72 m). In this case, the number of locos and car compositions passing by are:

• number of locos: 120 during Daytime (8 per hour)
• number of cars: 60 during Daytime (4 per hour)

Both ways to specify the emission lead to the same emission level.

Throttle setting

The FTA-model applies a correction for the throttle setting with diesel-powered locos and Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs) only (see table 6-4, FTA-report). In CadnaA, throttle setting is applied to all sources of type LOCO instead. Consequently, the user has to ensure that the throttle is zero for all other FTA-loco-types besides the two mentioned above.

Emission L_m,E,i (dB)

The emission level L_eqL(1h) for a train class resulting from the specified parameter is displayed here.

Library with Number of Trains

see Common Input Data, Number of Trains