Schall 03 (1990)
Dialog Railway (for Schall03-1990)
Emission Level
The emission parameter according to Schall 03 (1990) is the mean level Lm,E at 25 m distance and at 3.5 m height above the rail’s top edge from the railway line’s axis with free sound propagation S03-1990. It calculates from (sum of all relevant train classes i):
\(L_{m,E} = 10\lg[\sum_{i} 10^{0.1*(51+D_{Fz}+D_D+D_l+D_v+D_{Ae})}]+D_{Fb}+D_{Br}+D_{Bü}+D_{Ra}\)
with
- DFz: correction for the type of train
- DD: correction for the type of brakes
- Dl: correction for train length
- Dv: correction for the speed
- DAe: correction for aerodynamics
- DFb: correction for track type
- DBr: correction for bridges
- DBü: correction for level/grade crossings
- DRa: correction for curves
The basic value of 51 dB(A) is the mean level at 25 m distance and at 3.5 m height above the rail’s top edge for a single train per hour with a length of 100 m, a speed of 100 km/h, and for 100% of the vehicles with disc brakes.
Type of Train
| Abbreviation | Type of Train | $D_{Fz}(dB)$ |
| ICE | InterCity Express | -3 |
| EC | EuroCity / InterCity | 0 |
| IR | Interregio | 0 |
| D | passenger train | 0 |
| E | local train | 0 |
| N | commuter train | 0 |
| S | S-Bahn (multiple unit) | 0 |
| SB | S-Bahn Berlin | 0 |
| SH | S-Bahn Hamburg | 0 |
| SRR | S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr | 0 |
| G | Freight Train (distant) | 0 |
| GN | Freight Train (local) | 0 |
| U | underground/subway | 2 |
| STR | tram | 3 |
| TR1 | Transrapid 07/1 | 0 |
| TR2 | Transrapid 07/2 | -1 |
Type of Brakes
\(D_D=10\lg(5-0.04p)\)
with
- p: percentage of vehicles with disc brakes referring to the train length (including locomotive/s)
Train Length
\(D_l=10\lg(0.01l)\)
with
- l: sum of all trains of train class i per hour
Speed
\(D_v=20\lg(0.01)\)
with
- v: speed (track or loco max. speed) in km/h
Aerodynamics
\(D_{Ae} = 0 dB\) für v <= 250 km/h
\(D_{Ae} = 1 dB\) für 250 km/h < v <= 300 km/h
see BZA-1991-Aero
Track Correction
| Attribute Value FBNR | Type of Track | DFb (dB) |
| 1 | Lawn formation - Tramway | -2 |
| 2 | Ballast - Wooden sleepers | 0 |
| 3 | Ballast - Concrete sleepers | 2 |
| 4 | Concrete Track - no absorption | 5 |
Bridges
DBr = 3 dB
Note
In Schall 03, no distinction is made for different types of bridges.
Level/Grade Crossings
DBü = 5 dB
Note
Schall 03 specifies that no additional track correction shall be used (DFb=0 dB) when applying the correction for level/grade crossings. Furthermore, the railway section length receiving this correction shall be twice the road width.
Curves
| Radius of Curves r | DRa (dB) |
| r < 300 m | 8 |
| 300 m <= r < 500 m | 3 |
| r >= 500 m | 0 |
Note
The correction for curves DRa can be specified in conjunction with the correction for level/grade crossings DBü.
Correction for Multiple Reflections
With high-rise building structures lateral to the railway track a correction for multiple reflections can be considered based on the their distance and their mean height. For the calculation procedure of the correction see RLS-90, Correction for Multiple Reflections.
According to Schall 03 (1990) the correction for multiple reflections is just assigned to a receiver point when it is located „in the range“ of parallel buildings. Furthermore, Schall 03 does not contain provisions on how to apply the correction for curved railway tracks. In CadnaA, therefore, the procedure is applied to each section of the source’s polygon. It is checked whether the receiver point is located within half of the specified distance hBeb. If this is true, the correction for multiple reflections is applied, otherwise not.
Due to this strategy, it may occur that not all sections of the source are „seen“ from the receiver’s location (see calculation protocol). In order to reduce the number of sections the command Simplify Geo may be applied (see Simplify Geometry in the manual „Introduction to CadnaA“).
vmax
When specifying a track-relevant maximum speed vmax the train speed will be adjusted if necessary. In the calculation the smaller of both values is used.
Train Classes and Penalties
With this option activated, the types of trains and train classes, numbers of trains and corrections, can be edited locally, or an existing list with number of trains can be selected. CadnaA will automatically calculate the emission level from the specified values.
Note
In the following, the procedure to edit a local train list (with numbers of trains) is described. To enter a train list in the local library, see Common Input Data, Number of Trains.
Local Train List
Train Type
The train type is selected from the list Train Types on the Library (global)|Railway Group (also called „Train Classes“). By this selection all relevant parameters, such as train length and speed or percentage of disc brakes, are specified.
Number of Trains Day/Evening/Night
Numbers of trains for Day and Night (for Schall 03). In case the numbers are given by trains per hour, these values have to be multiplied by 16 to obtain the figure for Day and by 8 for Night.
Note
For calculations according to VBUSch VBUSch-2006 the Evening period is relevant as well (D/E/N = 12/4/8 h).
Speed
relevant speed of trains of the respective train class (in km/h)
Train Length
length l of a train of the respective train class (in m)
Type Correction
By the type correction Dfz the effect of different kinds of vehicles is accounted for S03-1990 BZA-1991-Rad. Alternatively, the train type is selectable from a list of train types.
| Type of Vehicle | DFz (dB) |
| Vehicle w/ wheel-absorbers (401) | -3 |
| Vehicle w/ disc brakes (403...) | -2 |
| Vehicle w/ disc brakes (Bx) | -1 |
| Subway | 2 |
| Tram | 3 |
| other | 0 |
| Transrapid 07/1 - Magnetic Levitation Train | 0 |
| Transrapid 07/2 - Magnetic Levitation Train | -1 |
Emission Lm,E,i (dB)
The emission level Lm,E,i for a train class resulting from the specified parameter is displayed here.